A tracheostomy allows patients to breathe properly with the help of a ventilator, but this can lead to the thickening of secretions and mucous plugs, making lung function less efficient. Our nose and mouth provide moisture as we breathe, but for those with a tracheostomy this is bypassed. In order to provide warm, moist air in these cases we must artificially create warm, moist air. The benefit of humid air is that it keeps mucus secretions thin while also avoiding mucous plugs. Understanding the anatomy of a tracheostomy will lead to a better understanding of how to get warm, moist air into our lungs.
How exactly does a tracheostomy work? Well, a tracheostomy is a surgical incision in the throat in order to place a tube into the trachea in order to allow for a respirator or some other form of breathing aid to assist in normal breathing. This procedure can be either temporary or permanent depending upon the reason for the tracheostomy. A tracheostomy is also known as a stoma and is usually placed below the vocal cords. The reasons for a tracheostomy can be varied and may include:
As you can imagine these are life-changing events that can be serious and/or severe. In order to live successfully with a tracheostomy, it is important to do everything possible to minimize any negative side effects.
One of the side effects of bypassing the nose or mouth is that supplemental oxygen tends to be dry and cool. This can lead to thicker secretions and mucous plugs which, as you can imagine are hindrances to the breathing process. By introducing tracheal humidification, secretions can be kept thin and minimize the need for suction. If your tracheostomy is temporary you may experience a small scar upon removal, but a permanent tracheostomy will require a little more in-depth therapy. There will be a learning curve when it comes to experiencing life with your tracheostomy. You should work with your doctor or respiratory therapist or even occupational therapist to help you adapt. You should use a moisture and heat exchanger to simply and easily introduce warm, moist air into the lungs. Options available to tracheostomy patients include:
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| CareFusion Heat and Moisture Exchanger |
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| Smiths Medical Heat and Moisture Exchanger |
By understanding how our body reacts to cool, dry air can go a long way in avoiding breathing and health complications down the road. By creating a warm moist environment for breathing, excretions should stay thin and minimize mucous plugs that can block airways. Work with your doctor, physical therapist, or even respiratory therapist to create a plan to help you be easier!!
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